1776年6月7日，维吉尼亚的理查·亨利·李(Richard Henry Lee)上呈李氏决议文(Lee Resolution)至大陆议会;7月2日，正式宣告独立。决议文中写道:" 兹决议:合众殖民地(United Colonies)为，亦应为，自由独立之国家，其免除自身对不列颠王室之拥戴;其与大不列颠国之一切政治联系为，亦应为，彻底无效。 "
宣言内容 威廉玛丽学院毕业的杰斐逊曾写道，《独立宣言》是"吁请世界的裁判"。自1776年以来，《独立宣言》中所体现的原则就一直在全世界为人传诵。美国的改革家们，不论是出于什么动机，不论是为了废除奴隶制，禁止种族隔离或是要提高妇女的权利，都要向公众提到"人人生而平等"。不论在什么地方，当人民向不民主的统治作斗争时，他们就使用杰斐逊的话来争辩道，政府的"正当权力是经被统治者同意所授予的"。 《独立宣言》由四部分组成: 第一部分为前言，阐述了宣言的目的。 第二部分高度概括了当时资产阶级最激进的政治思想，即自然权利学说和主权在民思想。 第三部分历数英国压迫北美殖民地人民的条条罪状，说明殖民地人民是在忍无可忍的情况下被迫拿起武器的，力陈独立的合法性和正义性。 在宣言的最后一部分，美利坚庄严宣告独立。《独立宣言》并非1776年7月4日签署的，7月4日是决议采用宣言的日期，之后进行了印刷。议会代表们大多于1776年7月2日签署本宣言。 中英对照 THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 独立宣言 In Congress, July 4, 1776, 大陆会议(一七七六年七月四日) THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 美利坚合众国十三个州一致通过的独立宣言 When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. 在有关人类事务的发展过程中，当一个民族必须解除其和另一个民族之间的政治联系，并在世界各国之间依照自然法则和自然之造物主的意旨，接受独立和平等的地位时，出于人类舆论的尊重，必须把他们不得不独立的原因予以宣布。 We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. 我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的:人人生而平等，造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。 That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. 为了保障这些权利，人类才在他们之间建立政府，而政府之正当权力，是经被治理者的同意而产生的。 That whenever any form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience has shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despoti, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security.